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Educational gains in cause-specific mortality: Accounting for cognitive ability and family-level confounders using propensity score weighting

机译：因特定原因导致的死亡率方面的教育成果：使用倾向性得分加权法计算认知能力和家庭水平的混杂因素

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A negative educational gradient has been found for many causes of death. This association may be partly explained by confounding factors that affect both educational attainment and mortality. We correct the cause-specific educational gradient for observed individual background and unobserved family factors using an innovative method based on months lost due to a specific cause of death re-weighted by the probability of attaining a higher educational level. We use data on men with brothers from the Swedish Military Conscription Registry (1951–1983), linked to administrative registers. This dataset of some 700,000 men allows us to distinguish between five education levels and many causes of death. The empirical results reveal that raising the educational level from primary to tertiary would result in an additional 20 months of survival between ages 18 and 63. This improvement in mortality is mainly attributable to fewer deaths from external causes. The highly educated gain more than nine months due to the reduction in deaths from external causes, but gain only two months due to the reduction in cancer mortality and four months due to the reduction in cardiovascular mortality. Ignoring confounding would lead to an underestimation of the gains by educational attainment, especially for the less educated. Our results imply that if the education distribution of 50,000 Swedish men from the 1951 cohort were replaced with that of the corresponding 1983 cohort, 22% of the person-years that were lost to death between ages 18 and 63 would have been saved for this cohort.
机译：已经发现许多死亡原因的教育梯度为负。这种关联可以部分由影响教育程度和死亡率的混杂因素来解释。我们使用一种创新的方法，针对因观察到的个人背景和未观察到的家庭因素而针对特定原因的教育梯度进行校正，该方法基于因特定死亡原因而蒙受的损失月数，再根据达到较高教育水平的可能性进行加权。我们使用瑞典军事征服登记处（1951-1983年）中与兄弟有关的男性数据，并与行政登记册相关联。这个约有70万男人的数据集使我们能够区分五个教育水平和许多死亡原因。实证结果表明，将教育水平从小学提高到高等教育将使18至63岁之间的生存时间再增加20个月。死亡率的提高主要归因于外部原因导致的死亡人数减少。受过高等教育的人由于减少了因外部原因导致的死亡而增加了9个月以上的时间，但是由于癌症死亡率的降低仅使人增加了2个月，而由于心血管疾病的死亡率使人们得到了4个月的收益。忽略混淆会导致教育程度低估收益，特别是对于受教育程度较低的人。我们的结果表明，如果用1951年队列的50,000名瑞典男子的教育分配替换为相应的1983年队列的教育，则该队列将节省18％至63岁之间丧生的人年的22％。 。

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